two high commissioners from the end of the Vth Dynasty, vizier Akhethotep and his son Ptahhotep. The monument was discovered by Mariette at the time of the excavations which he had undertaken in 1850 .  the mastaba of the father of Akhethotep, whose son (co-owner of D64) bears his grandfather's name and for this reason he is usually referred to as Ptahhotep Although the mastaba D64 is named outside as the "Tomb of Ptahhotep", this is incorrect and results from its early history, when only the chapel of Ptahhotep was open to the public.  includes three decorated spaces: two in the name of vizier Akhethotep, the third in the name of his son Ptahhotep. a parade of 17 women, each acting as a symbol for one of the estates of Akhethotep.  headed by a leader, a scribe and a servant.  The women carry produce in baskets on their heads, and bring birds and animals as the tribute of the estates.  Because the son receives this tribute it can be inferred that it is pr...

The  pyramid complex of Userkaf  was built c. 2490 BC for the pharaoh Userkaf (reigned 2494–2487 BC), founder of the 5th Dynasty of Egypt (c. 2494–2345 BC). It is located in the  pyramid  field at  Saqqara , on the north-east of the  step pyramid  of  Djoser  (reigned c. 2670 BC). Constructed in dressed stone with a core of rubble, the pyramid is now ruined and resembles a conical hill in the sands of Saqqara.  For this reason, it is known locally as  El-Haram el-Maharbish , the " Heap of Stone ",  and was recognized as a royal pyramid by western archaeologists in the 19th century. Userkaf's pyramid is part of a larger mortuary complex comprising a mortuary temple, an offering chapel and a cult pyramid as well as separate pyramid and mortuary temple for Userkaf's wife, queen Neferhetepes. Userkaf's mortuary temple and cult pyramid are today completely ruined and difficult to recognize. T...

  The  Mastabat al-Fir’aun  ( Arabic :  مصطبة الفرعون ‎, also referred to in  Egyptological  literature as the  Mastaba el-Faraun ,  Mastabat el-Faraun  or  Mastabat Faraun , and meaning "Bench of the Pharaoh") is the grave monument of the  ancient Egyptian  king  Shepseskaf  (reign  circa  2510–2503 BC), the last king of the  Fourth Dynasty  documented to date. It is located in South  Saqqara  halfway between the  Pyramid of Djoser  at Saqqara and the pyramids of  Sneferu , the founder of the Fourth Dynasty, at  Dahshur . The structure is located close to the  pyramid of Pepi II , a ruler of the  Sixth Dynasty . The  stone quarry  for the structure is located west of the  Red Pyramid  of  Sneferu The Mastabat al-Fir’aun was described for the first time by  John Perring  in the middle of the 19th century.  Karl Richard ...