El-Kab The tomb of ahmos, Biografía del Almirante Ahmose, El Hijo de Abana Biography of Admiral Ahmose, The Son of Abana

Biografía del Almirante Ahmose, El Hijo de Abana

Biography of Admiral Ahmose, The Son of Abana

 

Presentación

Vista general de la necrópolis de el-Kab

En la primera parte de la narración, el Almirante (quien está sobre la marinería) Ahmose hace un resumen de sus condecoraciones y ensalza el valor perdurable de la fama.

In the first part of the story, the Admiral (who is on the seamanship) Ahmose does a summary of his decorations and extolls the lasting value of the reputation

Hr(y) Xnyt iaH-ms sA ibAnA mAa-xrw

El Almirante Ahmose, el hijo de Abana, justificado,

 Admiral Ahmose, the son of Abana, justified,

Dd.f Dd.i n.tn rmT nbt

dice: ‘Os hablo a vosotros, a toda la gente.

 he says: ' I speak to you, to all the people.

d.i rx.tn Hswt xpr(w)t n.f

Voy a hacer que conozcáis las cosas favorables que me ocurrieron:

 I am going to do that you know the favorable things that happened to me:

iwa.kwi m nbw sp 7 xft-Hr-n tA r-Dr.f Hmw Hmwt r-mitt iry

Fui recompensado con oro en 7 ocasiones delante de la tierra entera, (con) siervos y siervas del mismo modo,

I was rewarded by gold in 7 occasions in front of the entire ground, (by) serfs and serfs in the same way,

sAH.kwi m AHwt aSAw(t) wrt

y dotado con numerosísimos campos. ,

 and provided with the most numerous fields.

iw rn n qn m irt.n.f nn Htm.(w) m tA pn Dt

El nombre del valiente (la fama) es según lo que ha hecho no pereciendo en esta tierra nunca’.

The name of the brave one (the reputation) is according to what it has done never perishing in this ground ’.

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Juventud de Ahmose

Describe el lugar de su infancia, Nejeb durante el reinado de Tao Seqenenra y sus primeras peripecias como soldado bajo el mando de Ahmose, primer faraón de la Dinastía XVIII.

Nos llama la atención la falta de referencias biográficas durante las primeras incursiones de Kamose contra el invasor hickso, periodo en el cual debió fallecer su padre Baba. Youth of Ahmose (Urk IV 2,8 - 2,16)

 [To return to the index]

 It describes the place of his infancy, Nejeb during the reign of Tao Seqenenra and his first fortunes as soldier under the control of Ahmose, the first Pharaoh of the Dynasty XVIII.

 The absence of biographical references attracts attention of us during the first incursions of Kamose against the invader hickso, period in which his father Baba should have died.

Dd.f r-ntt ir.n.i xprw.i m dmi n nxb

iw it.i m waw n nsw-bit sqnn-ra maA-xrw bAbA sA r-int rn.f

Dice que: ‘He desarrollado (lit.: he hecho mis transformaciones) en la ciudad de Nejeb (el-Kab) cuando mi padre era soldado del rey del Alto y Bajo Egipto Seqenenra, justificado, cuyo nombre era Baba, el hijo de Reinet.

 He says that: ' I have developed (lit.: I have done my transformations) in the city of Nejeb (the-Kab) when my father was welded of the king of the High place and Under Egypt Seqenenra, justified, whose name was a Saliva, the son of Reinet.

aHa.n.i Hr irt waw r-DbA.f m pA dpt n(t) pA smA

m-hAw nb tAwy np-pHtt-ra mAa-xrw iw.i m Sri n irt.i Hmt

iw sDr.i m smt Snw

Luego, estuve ejerciendo de soldado sustituyéndolo en el barco ‘El Toro Salvaje’ en época del señor de las Dos Tierras Nebpehetetra, justificado, siendo aún un muchacho, antes de tener esposa, cuando dormía en una hamaca de redes.

Then, I was a soldier replacing it in the ship ‘ The Wild Bull ’ in epoch of the master of Two Earths Nebpehetetra, justified, being still a boy, before having wife, when he was sleeping in a hammock of networks

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Expulsión de los hicksos

Ahmose se hace mayor y funda un hogar. Acompaña a su majestad, el rey Ahmose en sus campañas navales contra los invasores asiáticos y en el sitio de Avaris, la capital hicksa. En varias ocasiones es recompensado con el oro del valor tras haber mostrado su valentía y presentado las correspondientes manos de los enemigos de Egipto. Expulsion of the hicksos (Urk IV 3,2 - 5,2)

 Ahmose becomes major and founds a hearth. He accompanies his majestad, king Ahmose in his naval campaigns against the Asian invaders and in the place of Avaris, the capital hicksa. In several occasions it is rewarded by the gold of the value after having showed his valor and presented the correspondents hands of the enemies of Egypt.

xr m-xt grg.n.i pr

Con posterioridad fundé una casa.

aHa.n.i iT.kwi r pA dpt mHty Hr qnn.i

wn.xr.i Hr Sms ity anx wDA snb Hr rdwy.i m-xt swtwt.f Hr wr(ry)t.f

iw Hms.tw Hr dmi n Hwt-wart

wn.xr.i Hr qnt Hr rdwy.i m-bAH Hm.f

Luego, tomé posesión en el barco ‘El Norteño’ por mi supremacía, así pude ir acompañando al soberano (v.p.s.) a pie siguiendo sus paseos en su carro, cuando se ponía sitio a la ciudad de Hutuaret (Avaris) y así pude ser valeroso a pie en presencia de su majestad.

 Then, I took possession in the ship ‘ The Northerner ’ for my supremacy, this way I could be accompanying the sovereign one (v.p.s.) on foot following his walks in his car, when it was putting itself on place to the city of Hutuaret (Avaris) and this way I could be courageous on foot in the presence of his majestad.

aHa.n.i dhn.kwi r xa-m-mn-nfr

Luego, fui promocionado al barco ‘Jaemmennefer (quien aparece en Menfis)’.

Then, I was promoted to the ship ‘ Jaemmennefer (who appears in Menfis) ’.

wn.in.tw Hr aHA Hr mw m pA Ddkw n Hwt-wart

Así se estuvo combatiendo en el canal de Hutuaret.

 This way it was fighting in the channel of Hutuaret.

aHa.n xAfa.n.i in.i Drt

Entonces hice una captura y traje una mano.

Then I did an apprehension and brought a hand.

smi.T(w) n wHmw-nsw wn.in.tw Hr rdt n.i nbw n qnt

Una vez se informó al heraldo real, se me concede el oro del valor.

 Once the real herald was informed, the gold of the value is granted to me.

aHa.n wHmw aHA m st tn wn.in.i Hr wHm xAfa im in.i Drt

wn.in.tw Hr rdt n.i nbw n qnt m wHm-a 

Luego, de nuevo, se combatió en este lugar y, de nuevo, hago una captura allí y traje una mano, y se me concede el oro del valor otra vez.

Then, again, it fought in this place and, again, I do an apprehension there and I brought a hand, and the gold of the value is granted to me again.

wn.in.tw Hr aHA m tA kmt rsy n dmi pn

A continuación se combate en la tierra de Egipto, al sur de esta ciudad

 Next it fights in the ground of Egypt, to the south of this city

aHa.n in.n.i sqr-anx s hA.n.i r pA mw

mk in.tw.f m mH Hr tA wAt pA dmi DA.n.i Xr.f Hr mw

Luego, traje un prisionero, un hombre, después de bajar al agua. Mira, fue traído como capturado en el camino de la ciudad después de cruzar cargándolo por el agua.

Then, I brought a prisoner, a man, after going down to the water. It looks, it was brought like captured in the way of the city after crossing loading it for the water.

smi.T(w) n wHmw-nsw aHa.n.tw mk iwa.i nbw n qnt Hr sn-nw sy

Una vez se informó al heraldo real, se me concedió el oro del valor una vez más.

 Once one informed the real herald, the gold of the value was granted to me once again.

wn.in.tw Hr HAq Hwt-wart wn.in.i Hr int HAqt im s 1 st-Hmt 3 dmD r tp 4

wn.in Hm.f Hr rdt st n.i r Hmw

A continuación se saquea Hutauret (Avaris), traigo botín de allí, 1 hombre y 3 esclavas, en total, 4 personas, y su majestad me los dio como sirvientes.

 Next Hutauret (Avaris) is plundered, I bring booty of there, 1 man and 3 slaves, in whole, 4 persons, and his majestad gave them to me as servants.

wn.in.tw Hr Hmst Hr SA-r-HA-nA m rnpwt 6

wn.in.tw Hr HAq.s

Luego se puso sitio a Sharhana durante 6 años y, luego, su majestad la saquea

Then it put itself I besiege Sharhana for 6 years and, then, his majestad plunders it..

aHa.n in.n.i HAqt im st-Hmt 2 Drt

wn.in.tw Hr rdt n.i nbw n qnt mk rd.t(w) n.i HAqt.i r Hmw

Entonces traje botín de allí, 2 mujeres y una mano. Así que se me concede el oro del valor. Mira, se me dio mi botín como sirvientes.

 Of that time I brought booty of there, 2 women and a hand. So the gold of the value is granted to me. Sight, one gave me my booty as servants.

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Campaña nubia de Ahmose

Tras la incursión meridional para expulsar a los invasores hicksos del norte del país, el faraón Ahmose inicia una campaña contra los aliados del invasor, los nubios del sur. Campaign nubia of Ahmose

 After the southern incursion to expel the invaders hicksos from the north of the country, the Pharaoh Ahmose initiates a campaign against the Allied Forces of the invader, the nubios of the south

xr m-xt smA.n Hm.f mntyw sTt

wn.in.f Hr xntyt r xnt-Hn-nfr r sksk iwntyw styw

wn.in Hm.f Hr irt Xat aAt im.sn

Y después que su majestad aniquiló a los beduinos de Asia, navega río arriba hacia Jenethennefer (Nubia) para destruir a los nómadas nubios, y su majestad hace un abundante número de cadáveres con ellos.

And later that his majestad annihilated the Bedouins of Asia, it sails upstream towards Jenethennefer (Nubia) to destroy the nomads nubios, and his majestad does an abundant number of corpses with them.

aHa.n in.n.i HAqt im s 2 anx Drt 3 wn.in.tw Hr iwa.i m nbw Hr sn-nw sy

mk rd.t(w) n.i Hmt 2

Entonces traje botín de allí, 2 hombres vivos y 3 manos, y se me recompensa con oro una vez más. Mira, se me dieron 2 sirvientas.

Of that time I brought booty of there, 2 alive men and 3 hands, and I reward with gold once again. Sight, 2 servants happened to me.

nat m xd in Hm.f ib.f Aw.(w) m qnt nxt

iT.n.f rsyw mHtyw

Su majestad navegó río abajo con su corazón dilatado por el valor y la victoria después de conquistar a los habitantes del sur y los del norte.

His majestad sailed downstream with his heart dilated by the value and the victory after conquering the southerners and those of the north.

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La rebelión de Aata

El rebelde Aata y sus tropas son atacadas y destruidas por Ahmose, a quien se conceden varios sirvientes y 5 aruras de tierra en la ciudad que lo vio nacer.

 The rebel Aata and his troops are attacked and destroyed by Ahmose, to whom several servants and 5 are granted aruras of ground in the city that saw it being born.

aHa.n AAtA iw.(w) n rsy stkn Saw.f m(w)t.f

nTrw SmAw Hr Am.f gm.t(w).f in Hm.f m ti-nt-tA-a

Entonces Aata vino del sur – su destino acarreaba su muerte -, pues los dioses del Alto Egipto lo sujetaban cuando fue encontrado por su majestad en el canal de Tinettaa.

Of that time Aata came from the south – his destination was transporting his death-, since the gods of the High Egypt were holding it when it was found by his majestad in the channel of Tinettaa.

wn.in Hm.f Ht intw.f m sqr-anx rmT.f nb(t) m is-HAq

Así que su majestad lo trajo como cautivo  y su gente como una presa fácil.

So his majestad brought it like I captivate and his people as an easy prey.

aHa.n in.n.i m(a)gA 2 m mH m pA dpt n AAtA

wn.in.tw Hr rdt n.i tp 5 Hr dniw Aht stAt 5 m niwt.i

irw n tA Xnyt r-Aw.s m-mitt

Entonces traje 2 reclutas capturados en el barco de Aata y se me dan 5 personas y una parcela de campo de 5 aruras en mi ciudad. Se hizo para toda la marinería del mismo modo.

Suit of that time 2 recruits captured in the ship of Aata and they give me 5 persons and a field plot of 5 aruras in my city. It did for the whole seamanship in the same way.

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La rebelión de Tetian

Plano de la tumba de Ahmose, el hijo de Abana, en el-Kab

Es ahora Tetian, quien incordia a Ahmose y se encuentra con un castigo similar.
It is now Tetian, who incordia to Ahmose and he meets a similar punishment.

aHa.n xr(w) pf iw.(w) ttian rn.f sHwy.n.f n.f Xakw-ib

Luego ese enemigo, cuyo nombre era Tetian, vino después de reunir para sí a los descontentos.

Then this enemy, whose name was Tetian, wine after assembling for yes to the dissatisfactions.

wn.in Hm.f Hr smA.f iswt.f m tmt xpr

Así que su majestad lo mata y fue su tropa como los que nunca existieron.

So his majestad kills it and it was his troop as those who never existed.

aHa.n rd.n.i tp 3 Aht sTAt 5 m niwt.i

Entonces se me dieron 3 personas y 5 aruras de tierra en mi ciudad

Then they gave me 3 persons and 5 aruras of ground in my city

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Campañas nubias de Amenhotep I

Una c las peripecias del marinero con el rey Ahmose, y una vez muerto el monarca, inicia sus aventuras con Amenhotep I.
One c the fortunes of the sailor with king Ahmose, and as soon as it be died the monarch, it initiates his adventures with Amenhotep I.

wn.in.i Hr Xnt nsw-bit Dsr-kA-ra mAa-xrw iw.f m xntyt r k(A)S 

r swsx tASw kmt

Estuve transportando por agua al rey del Alto y Bajo Egipto Dyeserkara cuando navegaba río arriba hacia Kush para ensanchar las fronteras de Egipto.

I was transporting for water the king of the High place and Under Egypt Dyeserkara when I was sailing upstream towards Kush to expand the borders of Egypt.

wn.in Hm.f Hr sqr iwnty  pf m-Hr-ib mSa.f inw m gwAgwA

nn nhw.sn wtxw m dy Hr gs mi iwtyw xpr.(w)

ist wi m tp n mSa.n

Así que su majestad derriba a ese jefe nativo en medio de su ejército, el que fue traído con grilletes sin que pudieran escapar, y los que huían fueron derribados de lado como quienes nunca existieron, mientras estaba a la cabeza de nuestro ejército.

 So his majestad knocks down this native boss in the middle of his army, which was brought by shackles without they could escape, and those who were fleeing they were knocked down of side as whom they never existed, while it was at the head of our army.

iw aHA.n.i r-wn-mAa mAn Hm.f qnt.i in.i Drt 2

ms n Hm.f

He combatido con mucha acción y su majestad pudo ver mi valentía cuando traje 2 manos que ofrecieron a su majestad.

I have fought with great action and his majestad could see my valor when I brought 2 hands that offered his majestad.

wn.in.tw Hr HHy rmT.f mnmnt.f

Se estuvo buscando a su gente y a sus rebaños.

There for were looked his people and to his herds.

aHa.n in.n.i sqr-anx ms n Hm.f

Luego traje un prisionero que fue ofrecido a su majestad.

Then I brought a prisoner who was offered to his majestad.

in.i Hm.f r hrw 2 r kmt m Xnmt Hrw

Fui capaz de llevar a su majestad en dos días a Egipto desde la cisterna superior.

 I was capable of taking his majestad in two days to Egypt from the top cistern.

aHa.n.tw Hr iwa.i n nbw

Entonces se me recompensa con oro.

Then I reward with gold.

aHa.n in.n.i Hmt 2 m HAq Hrw-(r) nn n ms.n.i n Hm.f

wn.in.tw Hr rdt.i r aHAwty n HqA

Luego traje dos sirvientas como botín además de aquellas  que había ofrecido a su majestad, así que se me concede (el título) de guerrero de mando.

Then I brought two servants as booty in addition to those that it had offered to his majestad, so there is granted to me (the title) of warrior of control.

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Campañas nubias de Thutmose I

A la muerte de Amenhotep I, le sucede en el trono su hijo Thutmose I (Aajeperkara) quien continua luchando contra las insurrecciones nubias.

To the death of Amenhotep I, there happens to him in the throne his son Thutmose I (Aajeperkara) who keeps on fighting against the insurrections nubias.

 

wn.in.i Hr Xnt nsw-bit aA-xpr-kA-ra iw.f m xntyt r xnt-Hn-nfr

r sswn HAay xt xAswt r dr bs n a-xAst

Estuve transportando por agua al rey del Alto y Bajo Egipto Aajeperkara cuando navegaba río arriba hacia Jenethennefer para sofocar una insurrección a través de los países extranjeros y para suprimir el influjo de la región desértica.

 I was transporting for water the king of the High place and Under Egypt Aajeperkara when I was sailing upstream towards Jenethennefer to suffocate an insurrection across the foreign countries and to suppress the influence of the desert region.

wn.in.i Hr qnt m-bAH.f m pA mw bin

m pA sAsA pA aHaw Hr tA pnayt

wn.in.tw Hr rdt.i r Hr(y) Xnyt

Estuve siendo valiente en presencia suya en los rápidos y en el impulso del barco sobre la catarata, y en consecuencia, se me asciende a almirante.

I was brave in his presence in the rapids and in the impulse of the ship on the cataract, and consequently, me, admiral is promoted.

wn.in Hm.f anx wDA snb ......

xar.in Hm.f r.s mi Aaby wdt Hm.f Ssr.f tp

mn m Snbt nt xr(w) pf wn.in nn ......

bdS.n nsrt.f

Entonces su majestad se encolerizó contra ella como una pantera y su majestad arrojó su primera flecha qu e permaneció en el pecho de ese enemigo. Y así esto ...... a quienes debilitó su serpiente real.

Then his majestad got angry against her as a panther and his majestad threw his first arrow qu and remained in the breast of this enemy. And this way this ...... to whom it debilitated his real snake.

irw im. m At xbyt inw Xrw.sn m sqr-anxw

Se hizo con ellos, en un momento, una carnicería y se trajo a sus familiares como cautivos.

 A butcher's shop did with them, in a moment, and his relatives were brought as captive.

nat m xd in Hm.f xAswt nb(w)t m Ammt.f

iwnty pf Xs m sxd m HAt bik n Hm.f dw r tA m ipt-swt

Su majestad navegó río abajo con todos los países en su puño, ese vil nativo estuvo cabeza abajo en la proa del ‘halcón’ de su majestad y fue desembarcado en Ipetsut.

His majestad sailed downstream with all the countries in his handle, vile native that one was head below in the bow of the 'hawk' of his majestad and was disembarked in Ipetsut.

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Campañas sirias de Thutmose I

Después de sus incursiones nubias, se desplaza hasta Naharina donde hace una gran carnicería y trae a Egipto un innumerable número de rehenes.

 After his incursions nubias, it moves up to Naharina where it does a big butcher's shop and an innumerable number of hostages brings Egypt.

m-xt nn wDA.(f) r rTnw r iat ib.f xt xAswt

Y después de esto, se desplazó a Rechenu para vengarse (lit.: lavar su corazón) a través de los países.

And after this, one displaced Rechenu to take revenge (lit.: to wash his heart) across the countries.

spr Hm.f r nhArynA gmt.f Hm.f anx wDA snb xr(w) pf Ts.f skw

Cuando su majestad llegó a Naharina, su majestad encontró que ese enemigo había reclutado tropas. When his majestad came to Naharina, his majestad thought that this enemy had recruited troops.

wn.in Hm.f Hr irt SAT aAt im.sn nn tnw m sqr-anxw

inn Hm.f m nxtw.f istt wi m tp n mSa.n

Su majestad estuvo haciendo una gran carnicería con ellos y un innumerable número de prisioneros que trajo su majestad como sus rehenes cuando yo estaba en cabeza de nuestro ejército.

His majestad was doing a big butcher's shop with they and an innumerable number of prisoners that his majestad as his hostages brought when I was in head of our army.

mAn Hm.f qnn.i wn.n.i wryt ssm.s nty Hr.s m sqr-anx

ms n Hm.f

Su majestad pudo ver mi supremacía después de traer un carro con su caballo y quien estaba sobre él como prisionero que fue ofrecido a su majestad.

His majestad could see my supremacy after bringing a car with his horse and the one who was on him as prisoner who was offered to his majestad.

wn.in.tw Hr iw(a).i nbw Hr sn-nw sy

Se me recompensa con oro una vez más.

                                            I reward with gold once again

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Vejez y sirvientes de su propiedad

El resto del texto está dañado, pero podemos entrever algunos aspectos de su vejez y una lista de los sirvientes de su propiedad. .Vejez and servants of his property

  

 The rest of the text is damaged, but we can make out some aspects of his old age and a list of the servants of his property

tni.kwi pH.n.i iAwy Hswt.i mi  ···

http.i m Hrt irt.n.i Ds.i

Habiendo envejecido después de alcanzar la vejez, mis favores estuvieron como (antes) ··· y podré descansar en la tumba que yo mismo me he construido.

Having aged after reaching the old age, my favors were like (earlier) ••• and I will be able to rest in the grave that I himself have constructed myself.

··· m bHy wHm rd.t(w) n.i in nsw-bit ··· sTAt 60 m HADAa

dmD sTAt

··· en Behy. De nuevo, se me dan por el rey del Alto y Bajo Egipto ··· 60 aruras en Hadyaa. En total, ... aruras. in Behy.

Again, they are given me by the king of the High place and Under Egypt ••• 60 aruras in Hadyaa. In whole... aruras.

imy-rn.f n nA n Hmw Hmwt n HAqt rd n.i Lista de los sirvientes y sirvientas del botín que se me dieron List of the servants and servants of the booty who happened to me

Tomb of Setau, First prophet of Nekhbet. EK 4 - Dynasty XX 1 Stela, deceased and wife adore Re-Harakhti, above them is Khepri. 2 Boats (including barque of Nekhbet) before [king] with tests of jubilee of Ramesses III. 3 Son-in-law, vizier Ramessesnakht, offers to deceased, wife and relatives a banquet. 4 Deceased with family before offerings. EK4 is nearest in view.

Entrance of the tomb		Stele: the couple adoring Re-Harakhti, above them is Khepri

General view of the tomb, far (northern) wall and ceiling

South wall, to the right of the entry

West wall, almost completely destroyed

East Wall

The tomb of Renni, numbered EK 7, is of great interest, not only in the setting of the site at El Kab, but more extensively because it is one of the rare Egyptian tombs which dates from the reign of Amenhotep I. From a decorative view point, one feels here the influence of the end of the Middle Kingdom, the cannon of the New Kingdom not yet being completely in place.   HISTORICAL BACKGROUND   The tomb of Renni has been known since at least the time of the French "Expédition d'Égypte", as testified by the plate below, representing the funeral procession, taken from: "Description de l'Égypte", (T I, pl 70). East wall (northern 60%). According to "Description de l'Égypte" In 1801, W.R. Hamilton published in Aegyptiaca, the scene of the opening of the mouth. Champollion mentioned the tomb in his Notes (pp. 272-3) and in his Monuments (pl. CXLII fig.3) and published the inscription on the stock-taking of livestock. Brugsh did the same, he also described the demotic graffiti. Lieblein, in the Namenwôrterbuch (N°.572), publish several of the proper names. On the other hand the tomb of Renni is hardly mentioned in the famous Urkunden, occupying only a half page in Urkunden IV, with the mention "Renni son of Sobek-Hotep", and also there is the stock-taking of livestock. Curiously Lepsius, who described El Kab in detail, and noted nine of its tombs, didn't mention Renni.   THE PERSON   Who was Renni ? Consider for a moment his name. All texts represent him by with the determinative of the man placed curiously in the middle of the name. This may be explained as follows : it may have been necessary to distinctly separate the two "n"s and the name had to be pronounced in two parts. Ren-ny or even Ren-eny. For the convenience of this exposition, and in respect to tradition, the deceased will continue to be called Renni. As usual, for Ancient Egypt, we don't know much about him, and only his tomb provides us with the very rare details. Nevertheless the characters are named systematically, their function and or their explicit family tie with Renni. Renni was at the time Nomarch of El Kab for Amenhotep I, whose name (Djeser-Ka-Ra) is inscribed in a cartouche above the niche. Renni was also great priest of Nekhbet. A great many sons and daughters of the deceased are named in the tomb, as well as his parents and grandparents, also brothers, sisters, uncles and aunts. At the time when J. J. Tylor published the tomb, no trace of Renni could be found elsewhere. Since, in 1981, Marek Marciniuk published a graffiti stela situated in an underground cave of the upper terrace of Deir-el-Bahari, which mentions Nefer-Hotep "Neferhotep justified by Osiris, who created the prince Reneny, born of the mistress of the house Nehi, justified by Osiris". The author proposed to see our character there.   GENERAL INFORMATION   Plan of the tomb, Tylor, plate XVII North is on the right The plan of the tomb is very simple: an arched corridor, forming a kind of tunnel leading to, at the rear, a niche with a flat ceiling. The following measurements are derived from the plan of Tyler's plate XVII: 9.10m length for the corridor (11.3m for the niche), an average of 3.40m width and 3m in height. At the rear, on the right (east) is an opening (now walled up) leading to a small room of about 3m square, in which the funerary well has been dug. It seems that it was part of the initial plan and that it is not an addition. This plan will be subsequently used again for the tomb of Paheri. The quality of execution of the decor is variable (I am not of the same opinion as Tylor, who considers them as mediocre) and the colours are often very well preserved. On the other hand, the hieroglyphic texts are studded with mistakes. The monument has suffered much from both time and men, and large sections of wall are missing. However, it presents rare scenes which make it especially interesting. Thus, on the west wall, close to the entry, the representation of a chariot harnessed to two horses, may be the earliest equestrian representation in Egypt (view 60). On the east wall, one of the best known performances of the mysterious Muu dancers, as well as a curious scene where a man receives an purifying libation whilst seated on a jar.   THE FACADE   The vertical parts of the framing for the entrance are slightly cut back into the surface of the rock (about 30cms). Originally it probably had a paved surface. This is no longer visible today. The entry (if the modern door is ignored) was originally not as wide and had to include masonry and a wooden door that was opened by the deceased's parents, for their visits at the time of the ritual festivals. Many remnants of cult dishes have been recovered outside of the tomb, but none inside. A small coving, decorated with colour bands on its under surface, protected the entry and its inscriptions from any rain streaming down from the rock above. Indeed, all of the doorway is inscribed. The titles of Renni are found there: scribe, hereditary prince, chief of the scribes, chief of the divine servants, and it specifies that he is "born of Ahmose, justified". It also tells us that he was given this tomb by royal favour. One finds typical classical formulas of dedication "hotep di nesu", which is to say "Invocatory offering which the king gives" to such-and-such a god, so that the deceased can benefit by a system of transfer of these offerings. Also adding a "call to the living", consisting here in exhorting the visitor to recite the magic formulas, to not damage the monument, etc. Promising in return a long and happy life. The quality of the modern restoration can be seen from the photos, which provide additional detail than the plate drawn by Tylor in 1900, but the plate does privide easy reading of the text. In general, however, one should note the contrary phenomenon, that of the progressive disappearance of inscriptions and imagery over time.   THE CEILING, THE FRAMING MOTIFS   (View 32, view 49, view 69) The ceiling is painted entirely. In the main room, a central axis represents a beam of wood which separates, on both sides a checkerboard motif. The squares have a background of turquoise blue (often faded to white), black now often dark blue) and yellow. They include a red, black or yellow four-leaved motif. This checkerboard design continues on the ceiling of the niche, at the rear, but it doesn't include the image of the central beam (view 52). The checkerboard design extends to the top of the walls, which are delineated by a kheker frieze, representing a bundle of reeds or maybe rushes (the interpretations are varied). The kheker are painted with red and turquoise on a black (now dark blue) background (view 69). This rests on an "Egyptian frieze": seen as a band of coloured rectangles (red, blue, yellow and turquoise) each separated by three thin bands (white, dark blue, white), the whole band being edged by a thin turquoise line at top and bottom. This band also runs vertically down the end of the two long walls (west view 93). Under the frieze and band of coloured rectangles, along both west and east walls, is found a broad white band including a long inscription in (sometimes poorly drawn) hieroglyphs and which have not been sculpted as elsewhere in the tomb. This could be due to having been hastily produced, after the death of Renni. The actual decor begins under this text band and is divided in three registers. At the bottom of the walls, below the major scenes, is a shallow dado bordered at the top by a red band edged with white. The West wall is dedicated to the terrestrial, notably agricultural activities and a "ritual banquet" with the members of the family of the grandfather of Renni, Sobekhotep. The east wall is given over to scenes of funeral ceremony and to another "banquet" for his parents, his father is also named Sobekhotep. This distribution is strange because one would normally have expected the reverse, that is, the funeral procession on the west wall. One of the features of the domestic decor of this tomb, which Renni obviously wanted, is the great number of named characters found there. All the speakers are named, including the more subordinate. It is very rare, and undoubtedly indicates the probable wish of Renni to offer life in the beyond to those who best served him (and had been associated with his life) before his death. Many characters carry the name of Sobekhotep, a reference to the great crocodile god of the Fayum, which is geographically close to El Kab. This results in certain amount of confusion in identifying their relationships. This also appears with other names used withing the family.   WEST WALL (LEFT)   photomontage of the west wall by Jon Hirst - click on the different areas to enlarge  1) The inscription of the headband which runs along the top of the wall. (West view 68, west view 69, west view 71). This is in a poor condition and includes a traditional offering formula to the gods. One can still read : "Offerings which the king gives to Nekhbet, to Osiris Lord of Abydos [...] Anubis the one who is in his bandages, master of the necropolis, Lord of the Amentit [...] to prince Renni, Justified (meaning: "deceased" ; lit. "true of voice")". Indeed, by a system of transfer, a part of the offerings thus dedicated to the divinities was supposed to be of benefit to Renni.  2) Agricultural scenes. These scenes cover about the left 2/3 of the wall. a) Upper register At the extreme left, with colours faded by the sun, can be found one of the first, if not the first, reproduction in Egyptian art of horses harnessed to a chariot (west view 99, west view 60). The Egyptians are not well known for representing properly this animal, which had only just been made known to them, and this scene isn't an exception. The disproportion between the size of the animals and the chariot with that of the groom who holds the reins and a whip, is noticeable. It relates to Renni : the master who comes to inspect the work on his domains. The chariot being a reminder of some previous work in the domain, it is represented smaller than the continuation of the register. The other early mention of horses and chariots is also in El Kab, in the tomb (behind the one of Renni) of Ahmose-son-of-Abana. Just above this scene, can be found an inscription in demotic, proof that the tomb was visited at a later date. Prof. Eugene Cruz-Uribe agreed to provide us with a translation, for which he is thanked very much. Under the scene is an offering inscription "an invocatory offering which the king gives to Nekhbet the shining one of Nekhen, (to Horus of Nekhen ?), to Osiris-Khentyimentyiu, to Thoth [...]". The register continues with traditional harvest scenes (west view 98, west view 97) : of the peasants with bronzed skin, and whose heads are protected by a yellow piece of cloth, cutting the ears of corn very high, as always in Ancient Egypt, with a stone sickle (west view 59). Women, with a pale yellow complexion, collect the ears which are then placed in baskets. These are here carried on the shoulders of three groups of two men (west view 58), suspended in the middle of a pole (or possibly two, with the effect of pseudo perspective). The left-hand pair, Aha and Ka-met-heru, head toward the threshing area, whose representation is lost except a small left-hand part, on the far side of the heap awaiting threshing (west view 96). To one side of the basket which they carry, is represented the woman Ipu, clothed in a tight fitting white dress and holding in her hand two mysterious white objects (west view 29). The scene concludes, after a break (west view 96), with the two supervisors, the overseer of the farm land and the overseer of the farmers, who are prostrated "nose to the ground" in front of the master (whose representation has disappeared) and exclaiming : "Let's praise him ! May Ra give him a long life, our master". In front of him is his dog, a sort of greyhound, which turns its head toward him (west view 56). The long inscription above, ends with the name (missing) of "... the mistress of the house of Ahmose". Under the characters, and establishing a separation with the register underneath, is a short inscription proclaiming : "[May you drink] at the running water and receive the invocatory offering of bread, beer, meat, birds, and all good and pure things given by the sky or brought by Hapi (the god of the inundation)". b) Middle register Starting directly under the previous scene, which constitutes the continuation of the harvest, peasants are seen throwing the trampled ears of wheat into air, so that wind separates the chaff from the grain, this last being swept by other labourers (west view 57). The scene of the treading appeared in the register above, in the space between the heap created by carriers of the corn and the two prostrate foremen. A small segment of wall show the vestiges of two women pulling the remaining straw from the field. This will facilitate the later passage of light ploughing and will provide fodder for the animals during the period of the inundation. Then follow (heading towards the entrance) the farmers, bent on their plough and who are named, left to right : Kay, Se-uadj-nek-Usir ("May Osiris cause you to flourish", lit. "turn green") and Sennuu. Each of the small ploughs is pulled by a pair of oxen, whose colour is either red or spotted black and white. On the plate by Tylor it is easy to distinguish the detail of the agricultural instruments, attached to the inner horns of the pair of beasts : the plough is formed of two curved branches, to which is attached the blade by means of a pin, thus creating the ploughshare, ideal for light soil. In front of the animals is located the sower Djehuty-Ra. The grain which he sows will be buried, in time, by the plough and by the stamping of the animals, which will afterwards be released in the field and whose presence is only manifested by a remaining pair of horns on the wall behind him. Arriving in the opposite direction towards them (and under the chariot of the upper register) can be found Renni, sekhem-sceptre and staff in his hands, wearing a small curly wig and flowing white skirt, preceded and followed by his servants, who are all named (west view 61). Behind him "his servant Ahmose" carries the bow and arrows, then "his servant Djehuty" carrying a battle-axe in his left hand and over his left arm is what could be an archer's glove, for protecting the arm (one such glove was found in the tomb of Tutankhamun), whilst on his right shoulder he carries a stool. The object over his arm, has previously been considered as either an animal skin or a piece of cloth for use as a towel or scarf. Between Renni and Ahmose, can be seen his faithful dog (already mentioned, above) held on a leash by Ahmose. What, one may wonder, is this warlike material doing in this pastoral scene ? It is possible to suppose that Renni participated in Pharaoh's military operations and that it was there perhaps one reason was that of royal favour. Whatever the reason, this type of exhibition was especially aimed at increasing the master's prestige. Situated between the middle register and the lower one, the text "Inspecting the work accomplished by the hereditary Prince with the divine servants, the scribe, Renni, justified, who renews life" connects the two scenes; harvest, ploughing and sowing above, and stock taking below. By annual regeneration of the harvests and the increasing of the herds, the action of Renni thus fits into the Egyptian order, required by the gods : it is Ma'at in action. c) Lower register Below the scene just discussed, is a very rare scene showing pigs with their herdsman Irnutu (?), with a stick on his shoulder. Comparison with the photo from the time of Tylor shows that the scene has since deteriorated (west view 61b). The pig was considered as an impure animal in Ancient (and modern!) Egypt although it was extensively consumed, since the analysis of the waste around the ancient villages showed a great predominance of their bones in relation to those of other animals. For more of details see this article. This scene is followed by a very large gap where a herd of cattle was represented, of which the first can be seen behind the chief drover, Senbet, who is accompanied by a small calf. The calf is there to underline (in the usual Egyptian manner) that, thanks to Renni, life perpetuates itself in the herds. Senbet, stooping and with his right hand on his left shoulder, greets Renni, who arrives in the opposite direction, shown as described already, again holding the sekhem-sceptre, but curiously this time passing illogically behind his body (west view 65). He is represented a little larger than his servants. The first of those here, in front of him, is "the scribe Djehuty". He holds his scribe's material and writes a stock-taking accounts of the animals. These are represented in the inscription above him : "cattle 122, sheep 100 (?), goats 1200, pigs 1500" (west view 66). Behind Renni is located "his servant Ahmose", badly proportioned (west view 13) , who carries his bow and arrows in his right hand and on this arm a possible archer's glove (discussed above), whilst over his left arm he holds a stool. Next comes "his servant Djehuty" carrying a battle-axe in his right hand over his left shoulder, and in his right hand he carries a throwing stick. Finally comes a very damaged scene, in which can be seen Renni's boat, it probably relates to the master's arrival in the harbour of El Kab (west view 47). A man's image can still be made out, seated at the prow. The text above him is damaged, but this must be Renni himself. A young woman offers him refreshment, and the hieroglyphic Ka sign, which could belong to an expression of the type "n Ka ek", literally "For your Ka !", i.e. "for your health !". The prow of the boat is partially visible after a damaged area, and a sailor hanging in the rigging announces that the harbour is in view. The rest of this part of register is definitely lost.  3) Banqueting scenes. (West view 95, west view 70) The real or symbolic nature of these banquet scenes remains debated in Egyptological literature, but they are present in nearly all tombs of individuals (even in the royal tombs). Here these scenes occupy about 1/3 of the west wall, at the northern end, and are separated from the previous agricultural scenes by a vertical line. The very beautiful conservation of the colours is very noticeable, the representations themselves stand out clearly on a blue-grey background. The banquet on this wall is for Renni's grandparents, Sobekhotep and his wife, Idy. The scene unfolds on four registers and all the guests are named. The two rows at the top are reserved for the men and the two below for the women. On the top register, all the men are seated. Every guest has a napkin in his right hand and a blue lotus flower in his left hand, which he holds to his nostrils, a symbol of rebirth. The fourth and fifth characters from the right, are brothers of Renni's grandfather, both called Sobekhotep : "his brother, the scribe, Sobekhotep" then "his brother, Sobekhotep" (west view 126). Nothing distinguishes them from the other guests. Serving maids offer drinks, the first is called "the cup bearer, Satesbu". The register below, represents other guests, their position on the lower register suggests a lower elevated social standing. The characters kneeling on a mat (west view 70) are two "curate priests", who have to participate in the ceremonies. The second, Djehuty, with his hand on his shoulder in sign of respect, turns to speak to the character behind him, named : Nema the elder, whose function is unknown. Note the difference in treatment of the chairs, those of the upper register having straight legs, while those beneath have legs with curved ends (west view 54). The third register, the first with females, is nearly completely lost, and it is necessary to refer to the bottom register to see the representation of these ladies. All are kneeling, up to the place where the register is going to pass under the representation of the master and his wife, Sobekhotep and Idy. The chair is an attribute of social importance, these females do not benefit from it, in spite of their ties of relationship with the master. Wearing a tripartite wig, they hold in their hands, as do the the men above, a lotus flower and a piece of material. Under the representation of Sobekhotep and Idy, these are the ten daughters who are represented standing, wearing long tight dresses, with their arms held straight down their sides.  4) The representation of prince Sobekhotep and his wife Idy. This is located at northern extremity of the west wall and occupies the height of three registers (west view 93). It is separated from the rows of guests by a large offering table, of which only a part of the top now exists (west view 63). One can wonder what was the tie of relationship of this character with Renni, to have received such a preferential treatment. Thus, Tylor thought to see the brother of Renni here, Griffith thought that it relates to his grandfather, which seems more logical, seeing that the woman is named Idy, whereas Renni's mother was named Ahmose. The couple are seated, side by side, on a couch with a small sedate cushioned back, which in turn is on a mat. Sobekhotep wears a short curly wig and the straight beard of the living, as well as a large wsr-necklace around his neck. He holds out his arm towards the table of offerings in front of him, from which he is separated by five columns of partially mutilated text, of which the last three columns proclaim "Hereditary Prince, Sobekhotep, true of voice, born of the Mistress of the House, Ahmose", thus adding more support to Griffith's claim to the identity of the couple. Above the couple, the line of text identifies the wife in the scene as "His wife, mistress of the house, Idy". The west view 52 and 51 show detail of the characters. Idy wears a long white dress, a tripartite wig and she also wears a wsr-necklace. She holds in one hand an open lotus flower to her nostrils and her other arm encompasses her spouse. Bracelets decorate her wrist and her arm. Under the chair, there is a Hathoric mirror with a polished copper disk, as well as pots of ointments and make-up which will serve her to fulfil the role which is hers in this context : she takes the function of the goddess Hathor and must, by her beauty and skill, stimulate the sexual functions of her husband in order to enable him to be reborn of his own works in the beyond. In front of the couple can be seen a child's legs. This is certainly one of their sons. The wall is concluded by the vertical lengthening of the Egyptian frieze, already mentioned earlier. Next, we visit and describe the east wall. Now let's continue our visit with the content on the east wall, to the right of the entrance.   EAST WALL (RIGHT)   photomontage of the east wall by Jon Hirst - click on the different areas to enlarge This wall is reserved primarily for the funeral scenes, only interrupted by a second banqueting scene, which is much less developed than that of the west wall. Like the west wall, this wall is in the main divided into three registers.  1) The inscription of the headband which runs along the top of the wall. At the top of the east wall, as found on the west wall opposite, a long inscription painted but non engraved : "Offerings which the king gives to Nekhbet, mistress of Nekheb, Osiris in Nekhen and Anubis in the necropolis. May he give them all good and pure things, provisions by the thousand, incense by the thousand, ointments by the thousand, and all good and pure things. May they receive everything which the sky covers and which the land produces, or which Hapi brings, for the Ka of [...] Justified, born of prince Sobekhotep, Justified, and of the mistress of the house, Ahmose".  2) The couple Sobekhotep and Ahmose, and the banquet. Before dealing with the major detail of the wall, the banqueting scene and the image of the couple who supervise it will be dealt with. The scene begins immediately to the right of the doorway to the small room (see plan), which is now walled up. The seated couple are "Hereditary prince Sobekhotep, Justified" and "his wife, mistress of the house, Ahmose, Justified", which identifies them as the parents of Renni, (east view 81 and east view 03 : These represent the same scene photographed under different conditions). The couple are represented in a design similar enough to their counterparts on the west wall, but here the woman doesn't hold a flower and she holds her husband in both arms. Under the chair only a fan is represented (handle at the top). In front of them is an offering table over-laden with meats, breads, vegetables, etc. In front of this, represented much smaller, one register high, is a son by the name of Djehutymes, "His son, scribe and butcher in the temple", who presents them with a choice cut of meat : the right foreleg of an ox, the Khepesh (east view 80). Below him, again one register high, is probably another son of whom very little survives. This whole scene is the height of two registers, separated from the following funerary scenes by a vertical line. The banquet is also represented in a part of the third register, below the couple delineated by the vertical line, but passing beyond it (about half as much again) slightly toward the right but again terminated by a vertical line. While taking into account the missing section, it must have contained eight guests making two groups of four facing each other and which appear to have been alternatively male and female. Each is seated on a comfortable chair on a mat in front of individual offering tables (on which only the men have meat) : these represent characters of importance, relatives very close to the nomarch. Represented beneath Renni's grandparents and also facing right (east view 82), is his son, Sobekhotep, and a daughter whose name has not survived. The first of this group of four facing left (after the missing section of wall) is Renni himself, clearly named : "his eldest son, the Prince Renni" (east view 12). The name of Renni is also belongs to one the females "his daughter, Renni", who is therefore a sister of our male Renni. She can be seen at far right, just before the vertical termination line (east view 120).  3) The funerary scenes. Having fulfilled his obligations with regard to his family, the remainder of the wall is dedicated exclusively to Renni. The funeral scenes which are represented here are of great interest because of their originality, their good conservation of colour and, according to me, their quality of production. It is necessary to start from the other end of the wall, close to the entrance doorway, and to follow the progression of the scenes, which are displayed on three registers. a) Upper register The beginning is lost. The first thing which can still be identified is a large sledge, at the front of which is a sem-priest clothed in his ritual panther skin. Behind him, is a representation of a chapel of Lower Egypt with a rounded roof (Per nu), in which a woman stands turned towards the rear and in front of her is a very damaged figure, probably Renni, leaning forward and probably worshipping the barque of which only a part of the prow is still visible. Griffith proposes to see there, the solar barque approaching the chapel. The whole thing must be very heavy, and an attendant pours water on the ground in front of the sledge, on which a layer of Nile silt was probably placed to help it slide (east view 67), while others help by hauling it with a rope. Some libations are also made. The text tells of the action : "He pours water and milk for the prince for his passage" and later the comment : "the sledge passes". On the other side of a fracture in the rock, three dancers (a man between two woman) sing while keeping rhythm to the song with their arms. In front of them a man, who also holds the rope for hauling the sledge, guides the oxen by the horns from which it is attached (east view 71). Above the chanters, a partial inscription informs us that the words are "sung by people of Pe and people of Dep". The remainder of the text is very difficult to understand in order to propose a consistent translation. Adolf Erman suggested reading there, in part : "their hearts are happy, your shepherd and your master is one who goes into the earth on this day". In front of the draught animals and appearing to welcome the whole group, are found three Muu dancers, the first of which is badly damaged (east view 88 and east view 73). Their representation is characteristic, with their very high headgear of plaited reeds and their attitude with a raised leg and the pointing index fingers. The significance of this dance remains a mystery, but the topic has been well covered by Greg Reeder (see bibliography). It is interesting to compare this representation with that of the tomb of Paheri who will become a governor after Renni. Then come two porters carrying a large yellow-brown chest, which rests on what looks like a red bed or couch shaped in the form of a lion (east view 05). It has two udjat-eyes on its side, and it is quite probable that it contained the canopic jars, which hold the deceased's viscera. Under the chest is a young woman, by the name of Djeret, with a strange hairstyle. Tylor proposes that the mourner is associated with Isis or Nephthys, but this association seems a little unconvincing to me. Then comes a representation of the Tekenu (east view 91 and east view 83), represented here almost in the form of a man, entirely hidden by (probably) an animal skin. The significance of this scene remains a topic of debate, the most frequent opinion being than it represents a virtual sacrifice, a hang-over from a very early tradition, where an authentic human sacrifice took place to accompany the deceased. This representation of the Tekenu is far from being constant in all tombs, a famous example being that of the vizier Ramose, in the upper register procession of the main south wall. At El Kab, similarly, Paheri will also use this representation. The tekenu rests, as always, on a sledge pulled here by two men. In front of them, is the arrival in the necropolis, where the goddess of the west, holding in her hands the ankh-sign of life and a wsr-sceptre of power, welcomes the cortege (east view 86). The first character can be seen offering him homage with a libation of water. The accompanying inscriptions say : " [...] for you the mountain opens up on both sides, the mountain gives two hands to you. The Amentit rejoices in (your arrival) to the west" and "entering in the secret chamber of the great palace". b) Middle register At first sight, it would be possible to think that it is exclusively Osirian, because it starts with an evocation of the pilgrimage to Abydos, and ends in front of the statue of the Great God. The scenes of navigation (east view 68 and east view 62b) The first boat, with its sail extended to take advantage of the north breeze, travelling back from Abydos, one of the holy cities of Osiris. It tows a barge, in which are represented, in a very unpolished manner, "The Imakhu (= the blessed) of Osiris, Lord of the Beautiful West, the scribe Renni, Justified by the Great God and his mother Ahmose, Justified by Osiris". The two characters are seated under a dais supported by thin wooden columns. Then follows (which always seems odd) the actual navigation towards Abydos : the barge was very probably towed by the same boat, but this time with its sail folded, and travelling with the current. This pilgrimage, represented in numerous tombs, may not have been possible to accomplish by people when alive, but was important. Its representation was supplied here to magically perform this journey. The ritual scenes. (east view 89, east view 90, east view 91) After a small gap, caused by a fracture of the rock, the scene starts again with a very curious representation of a man seated on a jar, bearing a white disk on his head and purified by libations of water made by two other characters (east view 16). The significance of the scene remains obscure. Tylor thought that it could refer to a substitute for the statue of Renni, having a dish on his head which serves to distribute the water and who was thus purified. Personally I think that the disk is a symbolisation of the full moon and that the purified character is the priest who will precede the main rituals. It is noticeable that the evocation of the moon, , is present in several names in the tomb, including, Ahmose, that of the mother and the great-grandmother of Renni. After a vertical demarcation line, is a group of three squatting women, wailing and waving their hands as the procession passes. The following reasonably large gap doesn't allow the total number of women to be specified, but after it stands another mourner, bent forwards, with her hair falling in front of her face. They represent, according to the damaged text, the deceased's sisters. These scenes of lament take place in front of the place where the preparation of the mummy is finished. Here, one is stretched out on a bed similar to that which served to transport the chest (east view 75b). A priest proceeds with a libation or an application of ointment. Then follows the ceremony of the "Opening of the Mouth" on the upright mummy, which should return to him the use of his senses (east view 75 and east view 06). Several details are non conventional : the priests should be sem-priests, with shaven heads and wearing the ritual panther skin. Ideally this ritual would have been accomplished by the eldest son of Renni. The building ( east view 79 and east view 78) All of these items seen here must have existed in the actual building which is represented. Tylor proposes to see here Renni's house. It is also possible that it refers to a place of worship. It is constructed with six rooms, of which none open towards the outside. Under the archway are again represented two Muu dancers, recognisable to their headgear (east view 77). Next to the building is an oblong pond of water, edged with palms, shown in a curious perspective. At the side, the square space divided in 16 zones probably represents the irrigated areas. Above, two trees are probably a reminder of an Osirian story of regeneration, on the other hand the significance of the two obelisks remains obscure. At the end the register, is the conclusion of the ritual scene. Anubis waits for Renni under the representation of a chapel of Lower Egypt and, no doubt, goes on to lead him to Osiris-Khentimentyu, situated behind him. c) Lower register As already seen, its left part is occupied by a banqueting scene. The right-hand section consists in fact of a continuation of the funeral procession of first register, and more participants. Found here firstly are some men, extremely well portrayed, designated as purification priests : Ahmose, Djabaemra and Djehuty. This is followed by a wide gap at the end of which is recognised as, from remains, a chorus of chantresses. These are lead here by "his very beloved wife in the place of his heart, Nehi". She is the one turned towards them and could be walking backwards (east view 14). The two following women, in the attitude of mourning, are respectively Djehutyhotep and Baba (lit.written "Ba, 2 times"). Their words must have been easily understood by their contemporaries, but they now remain obscure to us, because they make reference to a form of worship which is unknown to us. Then comes an elder and friend, who leads this part of the funeral, who is quite bold, typically androgenic (east view 72). He is identified as "his friend, Saumes". He is obviously a man of importance considering his imposing presence, his clothing and the honour which is bestowed on him. Next are four porters who transport a chest, supported by poles on their shoulders, which must have contained precious personal effects of the deceased and that will be buried with him. Alongside the box, is represented a young dancer. In front of the porters is another mourner, a girl named Sataah, who leads the procession, but ahead of her another porter carries a box and a jar by means of a yoke across his shoulders. Finally the scene concludes with the accumulation of products which will serve either in the ritual, or in the banquet (east view 76) : provisions and seven jars probably containing the seven sacred ritual oils. The man who cuts the foreleg of the sacrificial ox is "his brother, the scribe, the butcher of the temple" (east view 85). Some pieces of meat are already grilling on the fire, but it is certain that the thigh being cut is going to be presented (perhaps cooked) in front of the mummy of Renni.   THE NORTH WALL   On each side, three offering bearers face towards the inside of the niche. East side (right) : niche view 66, niche view 67, niche view 68. West side (left) : niche view 69, niche view 70, niche view 71. Directly either side the opening is found an inscription, each of two lines : • On the east side (right) : "An offering which the king gives to Osiris-Khentimentyu, lord of eternity, ruler of forever, to the gods who follow him (and to his majesty?), may he give invocatory offerings of bread, beer, meat, birds, linen and incense by the thousand, of pots of ointments and all good and pure things for the Ka of the hereditary Prince, chief of the priests, Renni, Justified". Underneath is found a representation of Renni seated in front of a table of offerings. • On the west side (left) : "An offering which the king gives to Anubis in his mountain, who is in his bandages, lord of the sacred land (= the necropolis). May he give a good burial in old age, a going out and a coming in from the necropolis, the soft breath of the north for the Ka of the hereditary Prince among the divine following, Renni, Justified". Here again, underneath is found a representation of Renni seated in front of a table of offerings. On the curved area above the entrance to the niche, the inscription ( niche view 52 and niche view 11) is especially interesting because it permits us to date the tomb with certainty, which is far from always being the case. It shows two representations of the "Hereditary Prince, the revered scribe, Renni, Justified" offering red vases to the cartouche of Pharaoh Djeser-Ka-Ra, that is to say Amenhotep I. The sovereign is qualified as "The good God, Lord of the Two Lands" and "Giver of life, eternally".   THE NICHE   The ceiling has already been described as being flat and having the same checkerboard design as the main chamber, but without the image of the central wooden beam (niche view 52).  1) The rear of the niche. Situated centrally at the rear are the remains of the statue of Renni, on a raised dais (niche view 57 and niche view 02). This has been deliberately, completely smashed, only the base and a portion of the back pillar survives. On either side, on the back wall, is an udjat-eye and a representation of a reclining Anubis on the representation of the entry to the tomb.  2) The two lateral walls. These are devoted to ritual scenes carried out in this tomb, as in others, by the sons of Renni. These scenes are painted and not sculpted (except for some inscriptions). Their colour is beautifully preserved, even though their craftsmanship is not exceptional. The two panels are surmounted by the hieroglyphic sign for the sky and are surrounded on their three sides by an Egyptian frieze, of alternating colourful rectangles. a) East wall (right) The whole scene of the wall is centred towards the seated couple who represent "the revered hereditary Prince, the scribe, Renni, justified, who renews life, revered lord, justified by the Great God, Lord of Abydos (= Osiris)" from the text in front of him. The text above the female declares her as "his mother, Ahmose, justified by Osiris". Renni chose his mother instead of his wife for this role, yet essentially it is she who is sexually his in this context. She embraces her son with one arm while the other hand rests on his arm. Both are seated on a long couch resting on a thick mat. In front of them, is a well garnished offering table. Below the seat is a large pot made of veined alabaster, the nature of which we are ignorant. Further beneath, are objects which the deceased considered as particularly useful for his life in the beyond, two baskets, a large wsr-necklace, two loincloths and what appears to correspond to two vases of precious essence, two chests of which one is made of ebony encrusted with ivory, and finally a curious unidentified object, evoking - the Aa18 hieroglyph of Gardiner (value "sA"). At the top, in front (right) of the offering table, is found the frequently found "placard" or offering table contents list, enumerated in vertical rectangles. This is a rather reduced list, both in variety as well as in number : 22 types of offering with small quantities : 1 bread, two jars of wines, etc... This can be compared with the lists found in the tombs of the fourth and fifth Dynasty, at Saqqara, which show up to 96 different types of offering. The quantities are also different, they are expressed in thousands. Several hypotheses could explain this change :  - the recent exit of the dominating Hyksos, the nomarchs not yet having recovered their status nor the wealth which they had during the Old Kingdom.  - the fact that the nomarch of El Kab was a character less close to the Pharaoh than when they were buried in Giza and Saqqara.  - a change in cult worship; the mentioned products would have been the those truly presented in the quantities indicated, at the time of the burial ceremony. This hypothesis seems most probable to me because their representation, being closer to the statue of Renni, would thus have been renewed for the eternity as an established fact. The participants at the ceremony are sons of Renni. The name of the sem-priest is lost. Behind him, the person carrying the long scroll (a Book of the Dead ?) is Sen-Djehuty. Three other sons, Tchuni, Ahmose and Neferhotep, are knelt, one arm raised and the other striking the chest, in the typical attitude of the Henu ritual, rarely represented in the private tombs. It relates to the "Powers" of Pe and Nekhen (for more details ? click !). The middle son has a lighter skin, and could be mistaken for a daughter, except for wearing the same attire as the other two and having a bare upper torso, and of course by being named as "son". The lighter skin may have been introduced purely to identify the presence of three sons. The final son, Nebmes, who stands behind the kneeling trio, looks at the couple but his body is turned in the opposite direction and carries what looks like a net. Underneath, Djehuti-Ur makes the offering of a brazier from which springs a flame. He is followed by the Ahmose the sem-priest and finally by Paheri who holds a small scroll in his hand. b) West wall (left) The scene is constructed almost to the same design as that of the east wall. The woman is partially erased but is also called Ahmose. Therefore, again, she is probably his mother. Under the seat, is a beautiful sealed vase, again of veined alabaster, but of a different shape. Renni stretches his hand towards a now invisible offering table. In front of him, at his feet, stands an anonymous young boy. On the other side of the table, and facing the couple, is Nebseny, kneeling and making an offering. He is followed of a sem-priest and another son carrying the large scroll, as seen before. They are followed, also as before, by the three kneeling sons performing the Henu ritual, Tchuni, Ahmose and Neferhotep, the middle son again has a lighter skin. Lastly, Nebmes with net (?) in hand, and appearing to be moving away (as on the other wall). This time, the lower register does not contain an assortment of objects, as on the east wall. In the whole lower register can be found the ceremony of the "Opening of the Mouth, in the House of Gold, for his statue, on this beautiful day" which seems to take place in front of the deceased's statue. The "House of the Gold" designates the place of the tomb where the sarcophagus rests, and the "beautiful day" is the one of the funeral. Notice that on this register, no one wears the ritual white scarf worn across the chest. The sem-priest who officiates is "his son Nebseny". Behind him, Maay holds a libation vase; he is followed by Djehuty-nefer who brings the right foreleg of an ox, and then by another seemingly essential character, carrying a heart to the ceremony. It is more difficult to explain the offering carried by this following character: a heart; it could possibly be either the actual organ of the ox, or just a heart-shaped amulet, often found on the mummies. After the fracture in the wall, six other sons, all anonymous (there is no text accompanying them) make various offerings. So ends our visit of the tomb of Renni. This monument, even if it is not a major piece of work, it remain nevertheless very interesting as we have seen, and it is one of the only witnesses of this kind from the very beginning of the 18th Dynasty.